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FMA IA 58 Pucará
The FMA IA 58 Pucará ((ケチュア語:Fortress)) is an Argentine ground-attack and counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft manufactured by the Fábrica Militar de Aviones. It is a low-wing twin-turboprop all-metal monoplane with retractable landing gear, capable of operating from unprepared strips when operationally required. The type saw action during the Falklands War and the Sri Lankan Civil War.
==Development==
In August 1966, Dirección Nacional de Fabricación e Investigación Aeronáutica (DINFIA), the Argentine state aircraft factory began development of the AX-2, a Counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft to meet a requirement of the Argentine Air Force. The project was promoted by engineer Ricardo Olmedo and became under the guidance of engineer Aníbal Dreidemie, who also designed the IA-52 Guaraní II and the IA-63 Pampa. The chosen layout was a low-wing monoplane powered by two turboprop engines mounted in wing-mounted nacelles and fitted with a T-tail. In order to test the proposed layout, DINFIA first built a full-scale unpowered glider test vehicle, this flying for the first time on 26 December 1967.〔''Air International'' October 1977, p. 166.〕〔Donald ''World Air Power Journal'' Volume 6, p. 137.〕
Testing of the glider showed no major handling problems, and in September 1968, construction began on a powered prototype, given the designation FMA IA 58 Delfin, but later renamed Pucará, to be powered by a pair of Garrett TPE331I/U-303 engines. (DINFIA had been renamed the ''Fábrica Militar de Aviones'' (FMA) earlier that year).〔 The first prototype made its maiden flight on 20 August 1969, with a second prototype, with power switching to Turbomeca Astazou XVIGs, following on 6 September 1970.〔〔Donald ''World Air Power Journal'' Volume 6, pp. 137–138.〕 The first prototype was later re-engined with the Astazou, this engine being chosen for the production version, and a third production prototype followed in 1973.〔''Air International'' October 1977, pp. 166–167.〕 The first production model flew on 8 November 1974, with deliveries beginning in early 1976.〔Taylor 1982, p. 4.〕
At least three projects were related to the IA-58 development. The first was an extended Pucará airframe with pressurized cabin for six passengers, equipped with Astafan turbofan engines for light transport and photography duties. The second was an observation and reconnaissance aircraft having the same configuration as the Fairchild-Republic A-10. The third was denominated IA-60 and was an advanced trainer and light attack platform powered by two Astafans conserving the basic airframe and canopy of the Pucará with T-tail incorporating high wings. Some tests were made on wind tunnels but no further development was made in order to proceed with the IA-63 Pampa program.〔Historia de la Industria Aereonaútica Argentina, Halbritter, Francisco, Biblioteca Nacional de Aereonáutica, Tomo II, 2006〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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